
SwssChain validators operate under the Byzantine Fault Tolerance requirement N = 3F + 1. The network continues producing blocks and finalising deed settlements even if F validators go offline or act maliciously. Quorum requires 67% of validators to commit each block.
The NodeX institutional validator programme extends BFT with accountability: an institution is admitted only after KYB verification, and the credential behind that badge is readable on-chain from its address page. Custodian-tier institutions additionally perform KYC on their own clients.